A new study on Covid-19’s infection fatality rate (IFR) by age from a team led by Dr. John Ioannidis, the world’s most-cited physician, estimates that Covid’s IFR in the pre-vaccine era was less than 0.1% for those under 70—even lower than previously believed.

This means that for individuals under 70 years old the COVID fatality rate was less than 1 in 1000.